{
  "id": 34,
  "slug": "excel-to-pdf",
  "type": "tool",
  "title": "Excel to PDF — Free Online",
  "summary": "Convert Excel spreadsheets (XLSX, XLS) to PDF. Free, no sign-up, no watermark — processed on our server and deleted immediately after.",
  "category_slug": "pdf",
  "category_name": "PDF Tools",
  "locale": "en",
  "seo": {
    "description": "Free online Excel to PDF converter. Turn XLSX or XLS sheets into a clean, shareable PDF. No watermark, no sign-up; files deleted immediately after processing."
  },
  "data": {
    "io": {
      "accepts": [
        "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
        "application/vnd.ms-excel"
      ],
      "outputs": [
        "application/pdf"
      ]
    },
    "ui": {
      "accept": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet,application/vnd.ms-excel",
      "action": "Convert to PDF",
      "multiple": false,
      "outputName": "converted.pdf"
    },
    "howto": [
      {
        "step": 1,
        "text": "Upload your Excel spreadsheet (XLSX or XLS)."
      },
      {
        "step": 2,
        "text": "Click Convert to PDF and wait a moment while it renders."
      },
      {
        "step": 3,
        "text": "Download the PDF. The uploaded file is deleted from our server immediately after processing."
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "body": "It turns an Excel spreadsheet (XLSX or XLS) into a PDF, so you can share a report or invoice without the recipient being able to change the numbers — and without needing Excel to open it. The PDF captures the sheet exactly as it is laid out.",
        "heading": "What is Excel to PDF conversion?"
      },
      {
        "body": "LibreOffice renders the workbook to PDF on our server, keeping cell formatting, fonts, borders, and the print layout. The result reflects the sheet's print settings, so what you see is what would print.",
        "heading": "How conversion works here"
      },
      {
        "body": "Send a financial report or invoice that must not be edited, share data with someone who does not have Excel, attach a fixed snapshot of a sheet to an email, or print a clean copy. PDF also avoids formulas recalculating differently on someone else's machine.",
        "heading": "When to convert Excel to PDF"
      },
      {
        "body": "Spreadsheets that are very wide can split across pages in the PDF. For the cleanest result, set the print area or fit-to-width in your spreadsheet before converting, just as you would before printing.",
        "heading": "A note on wide sheets"
      }
    ],
    "toolKind": "server",
    "processing": {
      "engine": "libreoffice",
      "endpoint": "/api/pdf/to-pdf"
    }
  },
  "updated_at": "2026-06-27T11:39:43.825Z",
  "faq": [
    {
      "q": "Will my spreadsheet formatting be kept?",
      "a": "Yes. Cell formatting, fonts, borders, and the print layout are preserved. The PDF reflects the sheet's print settings, so it looks like a printed copy."
    },
    {
      "q": "My sheet is very wide — what happens?",
      "a": "Wide sheets can split across pages. For the cleanest result, set the print area or fit-to-width in your spreadsheet before converting, as you would before printing."
    },
    {
      "q": "Which Excel formats are supported?",
      "a": "Both XLSX and the older XLS. The output is a standard PDF."
    },
    {
      "q": "Are my files safe?",
      "a": "Conversion runs on our server and files are deleted immediately after processing. It is free, with no watermark and no sign-up."
    },
    {
      "q": "Is it free?",
      "a": "Yes, completely free — no sign-up and no watermark."
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "slug": "merge",
      "title": "Merge PDF — Free Online",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "ui": {
          "accept": "application/pdf",
          "action": "Merge PDF",
          "multiple": true,
          "outputName": "merged.pdf"
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Click the drop zone (or drag files onto it) and select two or more PDF files."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Drag the file cards to set the order pages will appear in the merged document."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Click Merge PDF and wait a moment while the files are combined."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Download the merged PDF. The uploaded files are deleted from our server within an hour."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "Merging combines two or more PDF documents into a single file, page after page, in the order you choose. The result is one continuous PDF — useful when a report, application, or contract is split across several files that should be read or sent as one.",
            "heading": "What is merging a PDF?"
          },
          {
            "body": "Your files are read page by page and rewritten into a new document with pdf-lib, preserving the original page size, text, and quality of each source — there is no re-rendering or quality loss. Pages are placed in the order you arrange them, and the combined file is streamed back for download.",
            "heading": "How merging works here"
          },
          {
            "body": "Combine scanned pages into one document, attach a cover letter to a report, assemble invoices for a single month, or bundle a contract with its exhibits. Merging is also the quickest way to turn a folder of single-page scans into one shareable file.",
            "heading": "When to merge PDFs"
          },
          {
            "body": "Adobe Acrobat is a paid product for regular PDF editing, and many free online tools like Smallpdf and iLovePDF limit how much you can do before prompting you to upgrade. This tool is free and adds no watermark; your files are processed in memory on our server and never written to disk. It handles files up to 50 MB and 50 files per merge.",
            "heading": "Merge PDF vs Adobe Acrobat and Smallpdf"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "server",
        "processing": {
          "engine": "pdf-lib",
          "endpoint": "/api/pdf/merge"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "split",
      "title": "Split PDF — Extract Pages Free",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "ui": {
          "accept": "application/pdf",
          "action": "Extract pages",
          "params": [
            {
              "name": "pages",
              "type": "pages",
              "label": "Select pages to keep"
            }
          ],
          "multiple": false,
          "outputName": "extracted.pdf"
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Upload the PDF you want to extract pages from."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Click the thumbnails of the pages you want to keep (selected pages are highlighted)."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Click Extract pages to build a new PDF from your selection."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Download the extracted PDF. The uploaded file is deleted from our server within an hour."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "Splitting takes one PDF and pulls out the pages you want into a new, smaller document. Instead of sending a 200-page file when someone only needs pages 5 to 9, you extract exactly those pages and share just that.",
            "heading": "What is splitting a PDF?"
          },
          {
            "body": "You pick which pages to keep — single pages, ranges, or any mix — and we rebuild a fresh PDF containing only those pages with pdf-lib, in their original order and quality. The pages you do not select are simply left out; nothing is re-rendered or compressed.",
            "heading": "How extracting pages works"
          },
          {
            "body": "Extract a single chapter from a book, pull one signed page out of a long contract, separate an invoice from a bundled statement, or remove the pages you do not need before emailing. Splitting is also handy for breaking a large scan into smaller, topic-sized files.",
            "heading": "When to split a PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "Adobe Acrobat needs a paid plan for regular editing, and some free online splitters watermark the output or limit free use. This tool lets you extract any pages with no watermark; files are processed in memory on our server and never written to disk. It handles PDFs up to 50 MB.",
            "heading": "Split PDF vs Acrobat and online splitters"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "server",
        "processing": {
          "engine": "pdf-lib",
          "endpoint": "/api/pdf/split"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "rotate",
      "title": "Rotate PDF — Free Online",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "ui": {
          "accept": "application/pdf",
          "action": "Rotate",
          "params": [
            {
              "name": "angle",
              "type": "select",
              "label": "Angle",
              "default": "90",
              "options": [
                "90",
                "180",
                "270"
              ]
            },
            {
              "name": "pages",
              "type": "pages",
              "label": "Pages to rotate"
            }
          ],
          "multiple": false,
          "outputName": "rotated.pdf"
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Upload the PDF with pages that need straightening."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Pick a rotation angle (90, 180, or 270 degrees)."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Optionally choose specific pages to rotate; leave blank to rotate all."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Click Rotate and download the corrected PDF."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "Rotating turns pages so they display the right way up. Scanners and phone cameras often save pages sideways or upside down; rotating fixes the orientation permanently so the file reads correctly in any viewer and prints the right way.",
            "heading": "What is rotating a PDF?"
          },
          {
            "body": "You choose an angle — 90, 180, or 270 degrees — and, optionally, which pages to apply it to. We update each selected page's rotation with pdf-lib and save a new PDF. The change is baked into the file, so it stays rotated everywhere, not just on your screen.",
            "heading": "How rotation works"
          },
          {
            "body": "Straighten a sideways scan, flip an upside-down page, or fix a single landscape page in an otherwise portrait document. Because you can target specific pages, you can correct just the ones that are wrong without touching the rest.",
            "heading": "When to rotate a PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "Most PDF viewers can rotate the on-screen view, but that change is temporary — reopen the file and it is sideways again. This tool writes the rotation into the PDF itself so it is saved for good, free and without watermarks. Files are processed in memory on our server and never written to disk.",
            "heading": "Rotate PDF vs your PDF viewer's rotate button"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "server",
        "processing": {
          "engine": "pdf-lib",
          "endpoint": "/api/pdf/rotate"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "jpg-to-pdf",
      "title": "JPG to PDF — Free Image to PDF",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "image/jpeg",
            "image/png"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "ui": {
          "accept": "image/jpeg,image/png",
          "action": "Convert to PDF",
          "multiple": true,
          "outputName": "images.pdf"
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Upload one or more JPG or PNG images."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Drag the images to set the order they will appear as pages."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Click Convert to PDF to combine them into one document."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Download the PDF. The uploaded images are deleted from our server within an hour."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "This turns one or more images — photos, scans, or screenshots in JPG or PNG — into a single PDF document. Each image becomes a page, so a stack of photographed receipts or scanned pages becomes one tidy file you can email, print, or archive.",
            "heading": "What is JPG to PDF conversion?"
          },
          {
            "body": "Each image you upload is placed on its own page, sized to fit, in the order you arrange them, and written into one PDF with pdf-lib. The image quality is preserved — we do not downscale your photos — so the PDF looks exactly like the originals.",
            "heading": "How the conversion works"
          },
          {
            "body": "Combine photos of a paper document into one file, turn phone snapshots of receipts into a single expense PDF, or package a set of screenshots as a report. PDF is also the safest format for sharing images that must print at a fixed size and look the same on every device.",
            "heading": "When to convert images to PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "You could open each image and 'print to PDF' one at a time, but that is slow and makes a separate file per image. This tool merges many images into one PDF in a single step, free and with no watermark. Files are processed in memory on our server and never written to disk; it handles up to 50 images of 50 MB each.",
            "heading": "JPG to PDF vs printing to PDF"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "server",
        "processing": {
          "engine": "pdf-lib",
          "endpoint": "/api/pdf/jpg-to-pdf"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "edit",
      "title": "PDF Editor — Free, In Your Browser",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Open your PDF — it loads directly in your browser, nothing is uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Add a text box, an image, a signature, or a whiteout box to a page."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Drag each element to position it and drag its handles to resize, on any page."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Click download to save the edited PDF to your device."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "It lets you change a PDF without the original source file: add text, drop in images or a signature, and cover up content with whiteout boxes. It is the quick way to fill in a form, fix a typo, or annotate a document when all you have is the PDF.",
            "heading": "What does the PDF editor do?"
          },
          {
            "body": "The PDF is rendered with pdf.js and your edits are drawn on top, then written back into the file with pdf-lib — entirely on your device. Nothing is uploaded, so even sensitive documents never leave your computer. You can move and resize every element on any page before saving.",
            "heading": "How editing works in your browser"
          },
          {
            "body": "Fill in a non-interactive form, add your initials to a page, white out a phone number or price before sharing, correct a wrong date, or stamp a note onto a contract. It is ideal for one-off changes where opening a full desktop editor would be overkill.",
            "heading": "When to use a PDF editor"
          },
          {
            "body": "Adobe Acrobat is powerful but is a paid product, and many free web editors add a watermark or limit free use. This editor runs fully in your browser — no upload, no watermark, and no sign-up. Because everything happens on your device, the only practical limit is your computer's memory.",
            "heading": "PDF editor vs Adobe Acrobat"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-edit"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sign",
      "title": "Sign PDF — Free, Unlimited Signatures",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Open your PDF — it loads in your browser and is never uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Draw your signature, type it, or upload a photo of your handwritten signature."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Place it on the page, then drag to position and resize it to fit."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Click download to save the signed PDF."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "Signing a PDF places a visible signature onto a page so a contract, form, or agreement can be returned without printing, signing by hand, and scanning back. You draw your signature with a mouse or finger, or upload a photo of one, and drop it where it belongs.",
            "heading": "What is signing a PDF?"
          },
          {
            "body": "Your signature is added on top of the page and written into the PDF with pdf-lib, all on your device — the document is never uploaded. That matters for contracts and personal paperwork: a sensitive file stays private because it never leaves your computer.",
            "heading": "How signing works in your browser"
          },
          {
            "body": "Return a signed lease, NDA, or job offer; approve an invoice; or initial each page of an agreement. Because you can place as many signatures as you like, it also works for documents that need a signature in several spots.",
            "heading": "When to sign a PDF online"
          },
          {
            "body": "DocuSign and Adobe Acrobat handle signing but are paid products, and many free signers add a watermark or limit free use. This tool lets you sign PDFs free, with no watermark and no upload — your file stays on your device the whole time.",
            "heading": "Sign PDF vs DocuSign and Acrobat"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-sign"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bates",
      "title": "Bates Numbering — Free Online (Legal)",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Choose your PDF — it stays in your browser and is never uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Set a prefix (e.g. ABC-), a starting number, and zero-padding (e.g. 6 digits)."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Pick where on the page the number should appear."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Click Add Bates numbers and download the stamped PDF."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "Bates numbering stamps a unique, sequential identifier — like ABC-000001, ABC-000002 — onto every page of a document set. It is the standard in legal discovery, exhibits, and document production, letting everyone reference an exact page by its number no matter how the files are split or shared.",
            "heading": "What is Bates numbering?"
          },
          {
            "body": "You set a prefix, a starting number, how many digits to zero-pad to, and where the stamp sits on the page. We then draw that identifier on every page with pdf-lib, incrementing as it goes, entirely in your browser. The numbering is written into the PDF so it prints and shares exactly as shown.",
            "heading": "How Bates stamping works here"
          },
          {
            "body": "Prepare exhibits for a filing, produce documents in discovery, or index a large evidence set so every page has a stable reference. Law firms and paralegals use it to keep thousands of pages organized and citable across a case.",
            "heading": "When to use Bates numbering"
          },
          {
            "body": "Adobe Acrobat Pro offers Bates numbering but is a paid product, and the feature is uncommon in free web tools. This tool stamps sequential Bates numbers free, with no watermark and no upload — your case files stay on your device the whole time.",
            "heading": "Bates numbering vs Acrobat Pro"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-bates"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "page-numbers",
      "title": "Add Page Numbers to PDF — Free",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Choose your PDF — it stays in your browser and is never uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Pick a number format, a position, and the starting number."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Optionally add header and footer text to repeat on every page."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Click Add page numbers and download the result."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "It stamps a running number onto each page of a PDF so a printed or shared document is easy to reference and keep in order. You can also add a header and footer — a title, date, or name — that repeats on every page.",
            "heading": "What does adding page numbers do?"
          },
          {
            "body": "You pick a number format (1, 1/N, Page 1, or Page 1 of N), a position on the page, and a starting number; we then draw it onto every page with pdf-lib. Everything runs on your device — the PDF is never uploaded — and the numbers are written into the file so they print exactly as shown.",
            "heading": "How it works in your browser"
          },
          {
            "body": "Number a report, thesis, contract, or handout before printing; add 'Page X of Y' so readers know if a page is missing; or stamp a header with the document title across every page. It is essential whenever a document will be printed double-sided or handed out as a stack.",
            "heading": "When to add page numbers"
          },
          {
            "body": "If you still have the Word or Google Docs source you can number there, but once a document is a PDF — or was scanned or assembled from several files — re-creating it just to add numbers is wasteful. This tool numbers any PDF directly, free, with no watermark and no upload.",
            "heading": "Page numbers vs your word processor"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-number"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "flatten",
      "title": "Flatten PDF — Free, In Browser",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Choose your filled PDF — it stays in your browser and is never uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Click Flatten PDF to bake the form values into the pages."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Download the flattened file, ready to share or print."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "Flattening converts interactive elements — filled form fields, check boxes, and annotations — into static page content. After flattening, the values are baked into the page: they can no longer be edited, and they render identically in every PDF viewer instead of depending on form support.",
            "heading": "What is flattening a PDF?"
          },
          {
            "body": "We read the form fields and their current values and draw them permanently onto the page with pdf-lib, then remove the interactive layer — all on your device, with no upload. The result looks exactly like your filled form but behaves like a plain document.",
            "heading": "How flattening works in your browser"
          },
          {
            "body": "Flatten a completed application before sending it, so the recipient cannot change your answers and the form displays correctly in any viewer or on print. It also fixes forms that show blank or misaligned in some apps, and prevents accidental edits to a finalized document.",
            "heading": "When to flatten a PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "Printing a filled form to a new PDF also flattens it, but it can shift layout, lower quality, and strip metadata. This tool flattens the existing file in place, keeping the original look, free and with no upload — your filled-in data never leaves your device.",
            "heading": "Flatten PDF vs 'Print to PDF'"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-flatten"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "remove-blank",
      "title": "Remove Blank Pages from PDF — Free",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Choose your PDF — pages are analyzed in your browser, nothing is uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Pick a sensitivity level for how faint a page must be to count as blank."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Click Remove blank pages to build a cleaned-up PDF."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Review and download the result."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "Scanners and copiers often insert empty pages — the back of a single-sided sheet, separator pages, or near-white pages with only specks. This tool finds those pages and deletes them, leaving a cleaner document that is smaller and nicer to read or print.",
            "heading": "What is removing blank pages?"
          },
          {
            "body": "We render each page with pdf.js and measure how much actual content it contains. Pages below your chosen threshold are treated as blank and dropped; a new PDF is built from the rest with pdf-lib. A sensitivity control lets you decide how faint a page must be to count as empty, so light scan noise does not save a truly blank page.",
            "heading": "How blank detection works"
          },
          {
            "body": "Clean up a double-sided scan where every other page is empty, trim separator sheets from a batch scan, or shrink a document before emailing. It saves paper when printing and makes long scanned files much easier to flip through.",
            "heading": "When to remove blank pages"
          },
          {
            "body": "Deleting blank pages by hand means hunting through the whole document; desktop editors that automate it cost money. This tool detects and removes them automatically, free, with no upload — every page is analyzed in your browser, so the file never leaves your device.",
            "heading": "Why do it here"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-remove-blank"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "compress",
      "title": "Compress PDF — Free Online",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "ui": {
          "accept": "application/pdf",
          "action": "Compress",
          "params": [
            {
              "name": "level",
              "type": "select",
              "label": "Compression level",
              "default": "medium",
              "options": [
                "low",
                "medium",
                "high"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "multiple": false,
          "outputName": "compressed.pdf"
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Upload the PDF you want to make smaller."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Choose a compression level (low, medium, or high)."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Click Compress and wait while the file is optimized."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Download the smaller PDF. The uploaded file is deleted from our server within an hour."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "Compression shrinks a PDF's file size by re-encoding the images inside it and stripping out redundant or unused data. The pages look the same, but the file becomes small enough to email, upload to a portal with a size cap, or store without eating disk space.",
            "heading": "What is PDF compression?"
          },
          {
            "body": "We run your PDF through Ghostscript, which downsamples and re-compresses embedded images and cleans up the file structure. You pick a level — low keeps the most quality, high shrinks the most — so you can trade size against sharpness depending on whether the file is for screen or print.",
            "heading": "How compression works here"
          },
          {
            "body": "Shrink a scanned document that is too big to email, get under the upload limit on a job-application or government form, or reduce a image-heavy brochure before posting it. Compression matters most for PDFs built from photos or scans, which are usually far larger than text-only files.",
            "heading": "When to compress a PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "Free online compressors like Smallpdf and iLovePDF often limit free use before asking you to pay, and Adobe's compressor is part of a paid plan. This tool lets you compress PDFs with a choice of levels, no watermark, free. Files up to 50 MB are processed on our server and deleted immediately after.",
            "heading": "Compress PDF vs Smallpdf and Adobe"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "server",
        "processing": {
          "engine": "ghostscript",
          "endpoint": "/api/pdf/compress"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "watermark",
      "title": "Watermark PDF — Free, In Browser",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Choose your PDF — it stays in your browser and is never uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Type the watermark text and set its opacity and size."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Click apply to stamp it diagonally across every page."
          },
          {
            "step": 4,
            "text": "Download the watermarked PDF."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "A watermark is text stamped across every page — words like CONFIDENTIAL, DRAFT, or a company name — usually set on a diagonal at low opacity so it is visible without hiding the content beneath. It marks a document's status or ownership at a glance.",
            "heading": "What is a PDF watermark?"
          },
          {
            "body": "You type the text and set its opacity and size; we draw it diagonally across every page with pdf-lib, on top of the existing content, entirely in your browser. The watermark is written into the PDF so it shows in every viewer and on print, not just on screen.",
            "heading": "How watermarking works here"
          },
          {
            "body": "Mark drafts so an old version is not mistaken for final, label sensitive files CONFIDENTIAL before sharing, or stamp ownership on documents you send out. A faint watermark also discourages casual copying or reuse without blocking readability.",
            "heading": "When to watermark a PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "Many online watermarkers limit free use or add their own branding to the page, and Acrobat is a paid product. This tool watermarks every page of a PDF free, with no upload and no added branding — your document stays on your device.",
            "heading": "Watermark PDF vs paid tools"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-watermark"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "pdf-to-text",
      "title": "PDF to Text — Free, In Browser",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Choose your PDF — it is read in your browser and never uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Click Extract text to pull the selectable text from every page."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Copy the text or download it as a .txt file."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "It pulls the selectable text out of a PDF and gives it to you as plain text you can copy or save as a .txt file. Instead of retyping a quote, a table, or a whole document, you extract the words directly from the file.",
            "heading": "What is PDF to text extraction?"
          },
          {
            "body": "We read the PDF's text layer with pdf.js and concatenate it page by page, all on your device — nothing is uploaded. This works on 'digital' PDFs that contain real text (exported from Word, web pages, or most generators). Scanned or photographed PDFs are images of text and need OCR, which this tool does not do yet.",
            "heading": "How extraction works in your browser"
          },
          {
            "body": "Copy a passage from a report into an email, pull data out of a PDF for a spreadsheet, feed a document's text to a translator or AI tool, or make a quick searchable .txt backup. It is the fastest way to reuse content trapped in a PDF.",
            "heading": "When to extract text from a PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "Copy-pasting from a PDF viewer often breaks across columns and pages or drops formatting. This tool extracts the full text in one step, free, with no upload — your document is read entirely in your browser and never leaves your device.",
            "heading": "Why extract here"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-to-text"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "pdf-to-jpg",
      "title": "PDF to JPG — Free, In Browser",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Choose your PDF — it is rendered in your browser and never uploaded."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Click Convert to JPG to render every page as an image."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Download the page images."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "It turns each page of a PDF into a separate JPG image. That makes pages easy to drop into a slide, a chat, a web page, or anywhere that takes images but not PDFs — one JPG per page, ready to use.",
            "heading": "What is PDF to JPG conversion?"
          },
          {
            "body": "We render every page with pdf.js onto a canvas and export it as a high-quality JPG, entirely in your browser. Nothing is uploaded, so even private documents stay on your device. Each page comes out as its own image file you can download.",
            "heading": "How the conversion works"
          },
          {
            "body": "Post a single page as an image, embed a page in a website or email where a PDF would not preview, attach a page to a social post, or grab a figure or chart from a document. Images also display instantly without a PDF reader.",
            "heading": "When to convert PDF to JPG"
          },
          {
            "body": "You could screenshot each page, but that is manual, low-resolution, and captures your viewer's UI. This tool renders crisp, full-page JPGs from the source, page by page, free and with no upload — your PDF never leaves your device.",
            "heading": "PDF to JPG vs screenshotting pages"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "client",
        "clientApp": "pdf-to-jpg"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "word-to-pdf",
      "title": "Word to PDF — Free Online",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document",
            "application/msword"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "ui": {
          "accept": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document,application/msword",
          "action": "Convert to PDF",
          "multiple": false,
          "outputName": "converted.pdf"
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Upload your Word document (DOCX or DOC)."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Click Convert to PDF and wait a moment while it renders."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Download the PDF. The uploaded file is deleted from our server immediately after processing."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "It turns a Word document (DOCX or the older DOC) into a PDF — a fixed, self-contained file that looks the same on every device and cannot be accidentally reflowed or edited. PDF is the standard format for sending finished documents like resumes, reports, and contracts.",
            "heading": "What is Word to PDF conversion?"
          },
          {
            "body": "Your document is rendered to PDF by LibreOffice on our server, which preserves the layout, fonts, headings, tables, and images of the original. Because it uses a full office engine rather than a quick browser export, the result matches how the document prints.",
            "heading": "How conversion works here"
          },
          {
            "body": "Send a resume or cover letter that must look identical to every recruiter, lock a report so the formatting cannot shift, submit a form or assignment in the required PDF format, or prepare a document for printing. PDF also stops fonts from being substituted on a device that lacks them.",
            "heading": "When to convert Word to PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "Most apps can 'print to PDF', but that needs the right software installed and Word's formatting can shift between versions. This converter renders the document consistently with no software to install, free, with no watermark. Your file is processed on our server and deleted immediately after.",
            "heading": "Word to PDF vs printing to PDF"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "server",
        "processing": {
          "engine": "libreoffice",
          "endpoint": "/api/pdf/to-pdf"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ppt-to-pdf",
      "title": "PowerPoint to PDF — Free Online",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation",
            "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/pdf"
          ]
        },
        "ui": {
          "accept": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation,application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
          "action": "Convert to PDF",
          "multiple": false,
          "outputName": "converted.pdf"
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Upload your PowerPoint file (PPTX or PPT)."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Click Convert to PDF and wait a moment while it renders."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Download the PDF, one slide per page. The uploaded file is deleted from our server immediately after processing."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "It turns a slide deck (PPTX or PPT) into a PDF with one slide per page. A PDF is easy to share, opens without PowerPoint, and looks identical everywhere — ideal for handouts and for sending slides that should not be edited.",
            "heading": "What is PowerPoint to PDF conversion?"
          },
          {
            "body": "LibreOffice renders each slide to a PDF page on our server, preserving layout, fonts, colors, and images. The deck becomes a clean, paginated document that prints and shares the same on any device.",
            "heading": "How conversion works here"
          },
          {
            "body": "Share a presentation as a handout, send slides to people who do not have PowerPoint, lock a deck so it cannot be changed, or print without the animations and notes. PDF keeps the design intact and is far smaller and simpler to open than a PPTX.",
            "heading": "When to convert slides to PDF"
          },
          {
            "body": "A PDF is static, so animations, transitions, and embedded audio or video do not play — each slide becomes a single page as it appears at rest. Speaker notes are not included unless your deck is set to print them.",
            "heading": "What is not carried over"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "server",
        "processing": {
          "engine": "libreoffice",
          "endpoint": "/api/pdf/to-pdf"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "pdf-to-word",
      "title": "PDF to Word — Free Online",
      "type": "tool",
      "category_slug": "pdf",
      "kind": "related",
      "data": {
        "io": {
          "accepts": [
            "application/pdf"
          ],
          "outputs": [
            "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"
          ]
        },
        "ui": {
          "accept": "application/pdf",
          "action": "Convert to Word",
          "multiple": false,
          "outputName": "converted.docx"
        },
        "howto": [
          {
            "step": 1,
            "text": "Upload a text-based PDF (one with selectable text, not a scan)."
          },
          {
            "step": 2,
            "text": "Click Convert to Word and wait a moment while it is rebuilt as DOCX."
          },
          {
            "step": 3,
            "text": "Download the DOCX and tidy up any layout in your word processor if needed. The uploaded file is deleted from our server immediately after processing."
          }
        ],
        "sections": [
          {
            "body": "It turns a PDF into an editable Word document (DOCX) so you can change the text instead of being stuck with a fixed file. It is the way to reuse content from a PDF — a report, a letter, a form — when you no longer have the original Word file.",
            "heading": "What is PDF to Word conversion?"
          },
          {
            "body": "LibreOffice imports the PDF and rewrites it as a DOCX on our server. The text becomes editable in Word, Google Docs, or any word processor. Because a PDF stores layout rather than document structure, the converter rebuilds the page as closely as it can.",
            "heading": "How conversion works here"
          },
          {
            "body": "This works best on PDFs that contain real, selectable text (exported from Word, web pages, or most generators). Expect the text to come through accurately, but the layout is reconstructed — content often lands in text boxes or frames rather than flowing paragraphs, and complex tables or multi-column pages may need tidying up after. It is best for simple, text-based documents.",
            "heading": "What to expect from the result"
          },
          {
            "body": "If your PDF is a scan or photo of a page, the text is just an image — there is no text to extract, so the result will not be editable. Converting scanned documents requires OCR (optical character recognition), which this tool does not do yet.",
            "heading": "Scanned PDFs need OCR"
          }
        ],
        "toolKind": "server",
        "processing": {
          "engine": "libreoffice",
          "endpoint": "/api/pdf/to-docx"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}